Fluorine

Fluorine assumes a modest yet significant role in astronomy due to its relative scarcity compared to other elements in the cosmos. Formed through nucleosynthesis within stars, particularly in evolved stars like asymptotic giant branch (AGB) stars and certain types of supernovae, fluorine ranks among the less abundant elements in the universe. Its limited presence in the interstellar medium, primarily in forms like hydrogen fluoride (HF) or other fluorine-containing compounds, poses challenges for its detection and observation in cosmic environments. Spectral lines of fluorine are challenging to discern due to their weak intensity and overlapping with other molecular lines, complicating direct observation.